Yintoni urhulumente wasekhaya?
Enkosi Ku Civics Academy kwiividiyo kunye nolwazi.
Urhulumente wasekhaya ungomnye wamanqanaba amathathu karhulumente kunye nephondo kunye nelesizwe. Urhulumente wasekhaya unoomasipala, abanikezela ngeenkonzo ezininzi abantu abazisebenzisayo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. UMgaqo-siseko ubonelela ngeendidi ezintathu zoomasipala ezizezi: oomasipala abakwimetropolitan, isithili kunye noomasipala beengingqi. EMzantsi Afrika kukho oomasipala abangama-278, ababandakanya i-8 metropolitan, 44 yesithili kunye noomasipala bengingqi abangama-226.
UMgaqo-siseko uyawucacisa umsebenzi wesigaba ngasinye sikarhulumente kwiShedyuli yesi-4 neyesi-5. Imisebenzi yooRhulumente beeNgingqi idweliswe kwiSahlulo B seShedyuli nganye. Omathathu amacandelo kufuneka alungelelanise iinzame zawo. Urhulumente wesizwe nowephondo babelana ngoxanduva lwemisebenzi edweliswe kwiShedyuli yesi-4 umzekelo kumkhosi wamapolisa nolawulo lweentlekele. Urhulumente wePhondo unoxanduva olulodwa lwemisebenzi edweliswe kwiShedyuli yesi-5 umzekelo iinkonzo zeenqwelo zezigulane kunye neendlela zephondo. Umkhosi wokhuselo kunye nemfundo yaseyunivesithi umzekelo luxanduva lukarhulumente wesizwe.
Ulawulo lwentsebenziswano
Omathathu amacandelo abelana ngobuchule kunye noxanduva, kweminye imisebenzi umzekelo “indlu”. “Izindlu” zidweliswe njengoxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo phakathi kukarhulumente kazwelonke nowephondo. “Iinkonzo zamanzi nogutyulo” zidweliswe njengomsebenzi karhulumente wasekhaya kodwa iyinxalenye yokuphunyezwa kwezindlu. Umbane, ukuthuthwa kwenkunkuma, iipaki kunye neendawo zolonwabo kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke zezinye zeenkonzo ekufuneka urhulumente wasekhaya anikezele ngazo.
Oomasipala balawula ngamabhunga asekuhlaleni anyulwe ngexesha lonyulo loorhulumente basekhaya. Umsebenzi wabo uqhutywa lulawulo lukamasipala. Uluntu lunelungelo kunye noxanduva lokuthatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni kwezigqibo zikamasipala ngeekomiti zeewadi, iintlanganiso zentatho-nxaxheba yoluntu, ukungeniswa kweenkcazelo kunye nezindululo noqhagamshelwano ngqo nooceba.
Bayintoni ooMasipala kwaye bamiswe njani?
Oomasipala ziindawo zejografi ezichazwa yiBhodi yoCando kaMasipala. UMphathiswa wePhondo woRhulumente baseKhaya useka oomasipala abalawulwa ngamabhunga kaMasipala.
Zi-3 iindidi zoomasipala eMzantsi Afrika, ezizezi, i-metropolitan, isithili, kunye nengingqi. Oomasipala beMetropolitan okanye i-metro zikhona kwizixeko ezi-8 ezikhulu. Imimandla engaphandle kwemetro yohlulwe ngoomasipala bengingqi. Oomasipala besithili benziwe liqela loomasipala bengingqi abawela kwisithili esinye. Ngaphandle koomasipala bezithili, bonke oomasipala bahlulwe ngokweewadi.
Balawulwa njani ooMasipala?
Ooceba bakamasipala bonyulwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu ngexesha lonyulo loorhulumente basemakhaya. Uninzi lwabavoti luvotela iqela lezopolitiko kube kanye ngokwesiseko sokumelwa ngokomlinganiselo kwaye kube kanye kumntu ngamnye kwiwadi yabo. Kumabhunga asekuhlaleni nawedolophu, abameli bombutho benza i-50% yooceba – enye i-50% yenziwe ngooceba beewadi abanyulwe ngokuthe ngqo. Koomasipala bengingqi umvoti ngamnye ukwavotela iqela eliza kubamela kwibhunga lesithili. I-40% yezihlalo zebhunga lesithili zinikwa amaqela ngokwesiseko sevoti yokumelwa ngokulinganayo. I-60% yezihlalo zabelwa amabhunga asekuhlaleni kuloo ngingqi yesithili.
Amabhunga kamasipala avotela isithethi, esisebenzisa imigaqo yocwangco. Amabhunga kamasipala aphinda anyule usodolophu kunye nosekela-sodolophu otyumba amalungu ebhunga ukuba enze ikomiti kasodolophu. Ezinye izigqibo zebhunga kufuneka zenziwe sisininzi kwaye ezinye zenziwe yiKomiti kaSodolophu. Ibhunga likamasipala linakho nokudlulisela imicimbi kwiKomiti kaSodolophu ukukhawulezisa izigqibo. USodolophu naye unakho ukuzenzela izigqibo ezithile. Uluntu lunelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo.
Yintoni Iinkonzo zikaMasipala?
UMgaqo-siseko umisela imisebenzi yecandelo ngalinye likarhulumente kwiShedyuli yesi-5 neyesi-6. ICandelo B lezi Shedyuli lizicacisa gca iinkonzo ekufuneka urhulumente wasekhaya abonelele ngazo kubandakanywa, umzekelo, iinkonzo zombane, amanzi nogutyulo neendlela. Eminye imisebenzi “kwabelwana ngayo” nto leyo ethetha ukuba amanqanaba ohlukeneyo karhulumente kufuneka asebenzisane ukuze afezekiswe.
Oomasipala bayohluka kakhulu into ethetha ukuba ukukwazi kwabo ukwenza ingeniso kunye neendleko abahlangabezana nazo nazo ziyahluka. Bonke oomasipala kufuneka bangenise umvuzo wabo kwizibonelelo, iimali-mboleko kunye neentlawulo zabasebenzisi.
Zixhaswa njani iiNkonzo zikaMasipala?
Oomasipala bafumana izibonelelo kwiirhafu eziqokelelwa ngurhulumente kazwelonke. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezibonelelo, ezizezi, iSibonelelo seSabelo esiLinganayo sikamasipala kunye neSibonelelo seZiseko ezinguNdoqo zikaMasipala. Isibonelelo seSabelo soBulungisa sisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ekuhlawuleleni iinkonzo ezisisiseko kubantu abanomvuzo ongaphantsi komyinge othile. ISibonelelo seZiseko ezinguNdoqo zikaMasipala sincedisa ekuhlawuleleni iindleko zolwakhiwo lweenkonzo ezisisiseko. Oomasipala bakholisa ukuboleka imali kumqolo ekufuneka bayibuyise ngenzala kwingeniso efunyenwe kwiirhafu kunye neentlawuliso. Oomasipala, ngaphandle kooMasipala beSithili, nabo bamisela irhafu kwiipropati ezifana nezindlu kunye namashishini ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso abo okubavumela ukuba baxhase iindleko zeenkonzo. Oomasipala bakwaqokelela imirhumo yokusetyenziswa kweenkonzo ezifana nombane, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma namanzi kunye neenkonzo zogutyulo.
Izibonelelo zisetyenziselwa ucwangciso, ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kweenkonzo ezibonelelwayo. Ukuba abasebenzisi abangakulungelanga iinkonzo zasimahla abazihlawuleli, oomasipala abanazo izixhobo zokuqhubeka nokubonelela ngeenkonzo.
Ndingalindela ntoni kuMasipala wam?
ICandelo le-152 loMgaqo-siseko libeka iindawo ezintlanu ekugxilwe kuzo kooMasipala:
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- Ukubonelela ngorhulumente wedemokhrasi nonoxanduva.
- Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ngendlela ezinzileyo.
- Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho.
- Khuthaza indawo engqongileyo ekhuselekileyo nenempilo.
- Khuthaza ukubandakanyeka koluntu.
NgokoMthetho weeNkqubo zikaMasipala, inkonzo esisiseko yileyo iqinisekisa umgangatho owamkelekileyo nonengqiqo wobomi ngokumalunga namanzi, ugutyulo, ukuthuthwa kwenkunkuma, iindlela nolawulo lwamanzi ezitshi, umbane, izindlu kunye nokucinywa komlilo.
Unyino lonikezelo koomasipala
Unikezelo lwenkonzo lunyiniwe xa urhulumente kazwelonke okanye wephondo enikezela ngoxanduva lwakhe kumacandelo asekuhlaleni “ngemisebenzi engaxhaswa ngemali”. Eminye imida ibandakanya ukunqongophala kwengeniso ngenxa yokungahlawulwa kwabasebenzisi benkonzo, izibonelelo zikarhulumente zincinci kakhulu kunye nolawulo olulambathayo lwemali. Ezinye izinto ziquka ukunqongophala komhlaba ofanelekileyo, intsebenziswano engekho mgangathweni kumacandelo karhulumente okanye ukuba kwindawo ekude. Iimeko ezisebenzayo nazo zinokunciphisa unikezelo lwenkonzo.