Isishwankathelo seMithetho emitsha ye-Fuel eNgxamisekileyo

Intengiso

Isibhengezo – skrolela ezantsi

Imeko yamandla eMzantsi Afrika ifikelele kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lotshintsho. Emva kokuvalwa okanye ukuguqulwa kweendawo ezinkulu zokucoca izinto zasekhaya (ezifana neSAPREF kunye ne-ENGEN) zibe zizikhululo zokungenisa impahla, uMzantsi Afrika utshintshe ukusuka kwilizwe elisebenza ngeoyile eluhlaza ukuya kwilizwe elixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimveliso zepetroleum ezigqityiweyo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Oku kushiya uqoqosho lwethu luchanabeke kakhulu kwiingxaki zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwihlabathi liphela, iingxabano zezopolitiko, kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaxabiso.

Ukuze kuliwe nobu buthathaka, iSebe leMineral and Petroleum Resources liyile uMgaqo-nkqubo weStrategic Petroleum Stock Policy, ka-2026. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ususa uMzantsi Afrika kwimodeli yokugcina amafutha ngokuzithandela ukuya kumgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo nosemthethweni olawulayo. Uchaza ngqo ukuba zingakanani na iipetroli ezigciniweyo ekufuneka zigcinwe ngurhulumente kunye neenkampani zabucala, indlela ezo zigciniweyo ezixhaswa ngayo, kwaye udala isakhelo somthetho sokulinganisela amafutha kunye neefandesi zokungenelela kwamaxabiso karhulumente ngexesha leengxamiseko zehlabathi.

Ngokwedatha karhulumente, ukungabikho kwepetroli engamanzi kuzwelonke kuya kubiza uqoqosho lwaseMzantsi Afrika i-R1 Billion ngosuku kwi-GDP elahlekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba kuthatha phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-21 ukuya kwezingama-42 ukuba ukungeniswa kwepetroli kufikelele elunxwemeni lwethu, isicwangciso esiqinileyo sokuxhasa sibalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezikhethwe ngurhulumente ziya kulawula kakhulu iindleko zepetroli, ukhuphiswano lwemarike, kunye namalungelo abathengi ngabanye.

Izindululo zoMgaqo-nkqubo oPhambili ziyapapashwa

Imodeli yokubamba izabelo ezinezibophelelo ezimbini

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wahlula umthwalo wokukhusela ukhuseleko lwepetroli yelizwe phakathi kukarhulumente kunye necandelo labucala ngokusebenzisa isakhelo soxanduva oluphindwe kabini:

- Izitokhwe zeSizwe eziCwangcisiweyo (Ikhava yeentsuku ezingama-60):
  Urhulumente uyalela ukuba kubekho i-reserve elingana neentsuku ezingama-60 zokungenisa impahla ngaphandle. Oku kuza kulawulwa yiSouth African National Petroleum Company (SANPC) esanda kuhlanganiswa—eyavela ekudibaneni kweStrategic Fuel Fund (SFF), PetroSA, kunye ne-iGas ngo-2025. Ezi reserve ziza kuba ne-70% yeoyile ekrwada kunye ne-30% yeemveliso ezicociweyo (ipetroli, idizili, ipetroli yejeti) ezigcinwe kwiindawo zokugcina impahla zikarhulumente ezifana neSaldanha Bay kunye neMilnerton.
- Izitokhwe Eziyimfuneko Zabucala (Ikhava Yeentsuku Ezingama-21):
  Kwinguqu enkulu, bonke abathengisi abazimeleyo abaneelayisenisi kunye nabangenisi bepetroli baya kufuneka ngokomthetho ukuba bagcine i-net insurance yeentsuku ezingama-21 ngeendleko zabo. Esi sitokhwe kufuneka silandele ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-70% yemveliso ekrwada kunye ne-30% yokugqitywa kwemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba imarike ikhawuleza xa kukho ukuphazamiseka.
- Ulawulo loMgangatho weMveliso:
  Ngenxa yokuba i-petroleum ecociweyo iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha, zonke iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezigciniweyo kufuneka zijikeleziswe ubuncinane rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu.

Amanqanaba e-Emergency Trigger kunye ne-Fuel Rating

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uqulunqa izinto ezine ezahlukeneyo ezibangela amanyathelo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bokunqongophala kwamafutha. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, unika uMphathiswa weMineral and Petroleum igunya lodwa lokubhengeza imeko engxamisekileyo yamafutha olwelo kunye nokutshintsha ukusasazwa kwemarike:

Inqanaba likaXakeka	Umda weNgxaki	Isenzo Sikarhulumente Esinyanzelekileyo
Inqanaba 1: Isilumkiso sobonelelo	Ukulahleka kwe-20% yemveliso ecociweyo yesizwe (umz., ukucima kwefektri yokucoca okanye ukuvalwa kwezibuko elinye) okuhlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-14.	Ukwabelana ngezabelo kushishino ngokuzithandela kunye nokuhlolwa kokulungela kweSANPC kwangoko.
Inqanaba lesi-2: Ukuphazamiseka kobonelelo	Ukulahleka kwe-40% yobonelelo lwelizwe, kunye nokuncipha ngokupheleleyo kwe-buffer yokhuseleko lwezorhwebo lweentsuku ezingama-21 kwicandelo labucala.	Ukuncitshiswa okukhawulezileyo kokuqala kwezibonelelo zikarhulumente, kuthintelwe kuphela kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo kunye neendawo eziphambili zoqoqosho.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Ingxamiseko yeSizwe	Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kobonelelo lwehlabathi okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kwekhonkco lexabiso lokungenisa impahla, nto leyo etshabalalisa ngaphezulu kwama-50% obonelelo lwepetroli lwesizwe.	Ukutsalwa kwesitokhwe kurhulumente omkhulu, ukukhululwa kwimarike ebanzi, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni kwe ukulinganiselwa kwepetroli kubathengi.
Isiphumo soQoqosho/sozinzo lwamaxabiso	Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kwihlabathi liphela okungazange kwenzeke ngaphambili apho i-Brent Crude oil ifikelela okanye isongelwa ukuba iphule umthetho $ 145 ngomgqomo.	Urhulumente uza kuqhuba ukuthengiswa kweemveliso zakhe ezigciniweyo ngefandesi yokhuphiswano ukuze anyanzelise ngabom ukuba amaxabiso eepompo zasekuhlaleni ancitshiswe.

Iindleko zeNkxaso-mali kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso

Ukugcina izigidi zeebhareli zepetroli ezingxamisekileyo kufuna imali eninzi. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ucebisa ukwazisa isixhobo semali esizinikeleyo "sokhuseleko lobonelelo" okanye isakhelo sokubuyisa iindleko ngeCentral Energy Fund Act ukuxhasa iindleko zokuthenga kunye nokujikeleza zikarhulumente. Ukongeza, ubeka phambili ukuhlaziywa kwesitishi sokugcina impahla saseSaldanha Bay kunye nokwakha iitanki ezinkulu zemveliso ezicociweyo kufutshane namaziko emfuno angaphakathi njengeGauteng.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Kutheni urhulumente esungula umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha wokugcinwa kwepetroli ngoku?

Inyani:
UMzantsi Afrika ujongene notshintsho olukhulu kukhuseleko lwamandla. Iifektri ezinkulu zokucoca zasekhaya, ezifana neSAPREF kunye ne-ENGEN, zivaliwe okanye ziguqulwe zaba zizikhululo zokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe.

Ubuthathaka:
Sitshintshe ukusuka kwilizwe elingenisa ioyile eluhlaza kwaye siyicoca apha ekhaya ukuya kwilizwe elixhomekeke kakhulu ekungeniseni iimveliso zeoyile esele zigqityiwe (ezifana nepetroli nedizili). Oku kushiya lonke uqoqosho lwethu luchatshazelwe kukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, iingxabano zezopolitiko, kunye nokuhla kwemali.

Umngcipheko:
Idatha karhulumente ibonisa ukuba ukungabikho kwepetroli elulwelo kuzwelonke kuya kubiza uqoqosho lwaseMzantsi Afrika imali eqikelelwa kwi-R1 Billion ngosuku kwi-Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenkqubo yethu yangoku kunye nale nkqubo icetywayo?

Okwangoku, uMzantsi Afrika usebenza kakhulu kwimodeli yokuhambisa amafutha ngokuzithandela, "efike ngexesha elifanelekileyo" elawulwa ziinkampani zabucala. Oku kugcina inzuzo yeenkampani iphucukile kodwa kushiya ilizwe lineemali ezigciniweyo ezincinci. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uguqula uMzantsi Afrika ngokusesikweni ube ngumgaqo olawulwayo nonyanzelekileyo apho amashishini karhulumente nawabucala anyanzelwa ngokomthetho ukuba agcine inqwaba yamafutha angasemva ngokukodwa xa kuphazamiseka intlekele.

Ingaba urhulumente uza kuqalisa ngokwenene ukulinganiselwa kwamafutha?

Ewe, kodwa kuphela xa imeko inzima kakhulu. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uqulunqiweyo uzisa inkqubo engqongqo yokuqalisa iingxaki ezingxamisekileyo enamanqanaba amathathu.

I-Trigger:
Ulwabiwo lwepetroli luya kuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela phantsi kweNgxakeko yeSizwe yeNqanaba lesi-3. Oku kuchazwa njengokuphazamiseka okukhulu kobonelelo lwehlabathi okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kwekhonkco lexabiso lokungenisa elitshabalalisa ngaphezulu kwama-50% obonelelo lwepetroli eMzantsi Afrika.

Intshukumo:
Ngexesha lengxakeko yeNqanaba lesi-3, urhulumente uza kuqalisa ukunciphisa kakhulu amasheya abalulekileyo aze anyanzelise ngokusemthethweni ukulinganiselwa kwamafutha kulo lonke ilizwe ukuze kugcinwe iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo zisebenza.

Le polisi iza kuyichaphazela njani ixabiso lepetroli nedizili kwipompo?

Kukho impembelelo ezimbini ezichaseneyo kumaxabiso akhelwe kulo mgaqo-nkqubo:

1. Amaxabiso anokunyuka:
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo unyanzela iinkampani zeoyile zabucala kunye nabathengisi ngobuninzi ukuba bakhe iziseko zophuhliso baze bagcine iintsuku ezingama-21 zepetroli eseleyo ngeendleko zabo. Ukwacebisa "isakhelo esitsha sokubuyisa iindleko" okanye isixhobo semali sikarhulumente sokuxhasa imali egciniweyo karhulumente. Kukho amathuba amakhulu okuba ezi ndleko zinzima zokuthobela imithetho ziya kudluliselwa kubemi abaqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amathuba aphezulu epetroli yokuthengisa.

2. Uncedo olunokwenzeka lwexabiso (I-Trigger ye-$145):
|Ngokwahlukileyo koko, lo mgaqo-nkqubo udala iSizathu sokuZinza koQoqosho/amaxabiso. Ukuba ukuguquguquka kwexabiso leoyile kwihlabathi liphela kuyanyuka kwaye iBrent Crude isoyikisa ukufikelela kwi-$145 ngebhereli, uMphathiswa angakhulula iifutha zikarhulumente ezigciniweyo kwimarike ngefandesi yokhuphiswano eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunyanzelisa amaxabiso epompo zasekuhlaleni.

Zithini izibophelelo zomthetho ezintsha zeenkampani zabucala zepetroli?

Ukuba ungumenzi wepetroli onelayisenisi, umthengisi ngobuninzi, okanye umthengisi ongenisa impahla eMzantsi Afrika, awusayi kuvunyelwa ukuba ugcine kuphela oko ufuna ukukuthengisa ngoko nangoko. Uza kugunyaziswa ngokusemthethweni ukuba ugcine iintsuku ezingama-21 ze-net inshorensi yokungenisa impahla njenge-private reserve. Ngaphezu koko, esi sitokhwe senkxaso asinakuba yi-oyile eluhlaza kuphela; kufuneka sahlulwe nge-70% yeoyile eluhlaza kunye ne-30% yemveliso egqityiweyo, ecociweyo (njengepetroli okanye idizili) ukuqinisekisa ukuba imarike iyasebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho ingxaki.

Ngaba amafutha agciniweyo akayi konakala okanye aphele ngokuhamba kwexesha?

Ewe, iimveliso zepetroleum ezicociweyo ziyawohloka. Ukuze kuliwe noku, lo mgaqo-nkqubo uyalela ngokucacileyo indlela yokulawula umgangatho. Zonke izitokhwe ezicociweyo zabucala nezikarhulumente kufuneka zijikeleziswe ngokupheleleyo ubuncinci rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu kwaye mazigcinwe kufutshane nezibonelelo zokusebenza ukuze oku kube nokwenzeka ngokwezixhobo.

Ngubani ngokwenene oqhuba nolawula ezi zigcini zepetroli?

Umlawuli:
UMphathiswa weMineral and Petroleum unegunya eliphezulu lokubhengeza imeko engxamisekileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhululwa okanye ukuthengiswa kwamafutha.

Umgcini:
Ukuthengwa kwemihla ngemihla, ukugcinwa, kunye nolawulo lweziseko zophuhliso kuya kuphathwa yiSouth African National Petroleum Company (SANPC). I-SANPC liqumrhu elitsha likarhulumente elasekwa ngokuhlanganisa iStrategic Fuel Fund (SFF), iPetroSA, kunye ne-iGas.

IiLogistics:
Iipayipi zeTransnet kunye neFreight Rail ziya kuba noxanduva lokuhambisa amafutha angxamisekileyo ngePipeline yeeMveliso ezininzi ezingama-700km (MPP) ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezikunxweme (njengeSaldanha Bay) ukuya kumaziko oqoqosho angaphakathi njengeGauteng. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, iTransnet kufuneka ngokomthetho ibeke phambili amafutha angxamisekileyo kunemithwalo yezorhwebo.

Le petroli yongxamiseko iza kugcinwa phi ngokoqobo?

Iindawo zokugcina ioyile ekrwada ziya kuqhubeka zigxile kakhulu kwindawo yokugcina izinto ephethwe ngurhulumente eSaldanha Bay. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ama-60% epetroli yaseMzantsi Afrika asetyenziswa ngaphakathi elizweni (eGauteng, eLimpopo, eFree State, naseMntla-Ntshona), lo mgaqo-nkqubo ubeka phambili ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezintsha zokugcina “iitanki ezinkulu” kunye neendawo zokubeka izinto ezicwangcisiweyo ezikufutshane nezi ndawo zifunwa kakhulu ngaphakathi elizweni zeemveliso ezicociweyo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo oyilwayo