NguCiaran Ryan
Idrafti yoMgaqo-nkqubo woLawulo lweSazisi karhulumente yakhutshwa ngomhla wama-22 kweyoMnga, kanye phambi kweKrisimesi.
Ukupapasha into ngaphambi kweKrisimesi liqhinga elizanyiweyo nelithembekileyo kwishishini leendaba ukuba ufuna ukungcwaba ibali elinokubakho.
ISebe leMicimbi yezeKhaya lifuna isazisi esitsha esingenamkhethe esivumela ukutshintshwa kwezesondo, sikunxulumanise nabazali bakho, sibambe iinkcukacha zakho zebhayometriki ekuzalweni kwakho nasemva koko ebomini, kwaye konke oku kusenzelwa ukukusebenzela ngcono njengequmrhu elilawulayo.
Ngaba ndim nje, okanye liphupha elimanzi lozwilakhe eli
Ukufunda intengiso yolu xwebhu lomgaqo-nkqubo, unokucinga ukuba “kulungile, kulungile, andiboni ukuba le nto iza kundinceda njani, kodwa ndiza kuhamba nayo.”
Olu xwebhu luzaliswe ngamagama e-roseate buzz afana “nenkqubo egqwesileyo yamazwe ngamazwe”, “intlonipho yobumfihlo” kunye “nokusebenzisana”.
Masime apho kanye. Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi “intsebenziswano”? Ngokusisiseko, ukuqokelela lonke isuntswana lolwazi olunokwenzeka kuye wonke umntu welizwe kunye nokwabelana ngale "phakathi kwenkqubo yesazisi" kunye neminye imimandla yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe.
Inkqubo ye-ID ye-SA okwangoku ayidibani kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle neyezinye izizwe zase-Afrika kunye ne-EU, kwaye oko sele kuza kulungiswa. Nezona zono zininzi ezenziweyo e-SA ziya kwabelwana ngazo nezinye iindawo. Sele kwenzekile kwicandelo lerhafu, apho iindawo zabelane ngolwazi ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-Common Reporting Standards. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu baseMzantsi Afrika abafudukele kwamanye amazwe phantsi kwemithetho emitsha eza kuqaliswa ngoMatshi 2021 banokufunwa naphi na emhlabeni ngenxa yerhafu ehlawulwayo.
Ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi "kwemimandla" sele kuza kufumana ulwelo oluninzi. Enye yezinto ezithethelela oku kukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo. Isindululo esisayilwayo esitsha sifuna ukubamba ubuso kunye nezinye i-biometrics, njengeminwe yeminwe - ekufuneka yenze ukubamba izaphuli-mthetho ibe yi-doddle, akunjalo? Isebenze njani loo nto ukuza kuthi ga ngoku?
Oku kuqala ukuthatha inkcazo engacacanga yeNkqubo yeTyala leNtlalo yaseTshayina, apho ukutya okanye ukudlala umculo ovakalayo kwiinkqubo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke kukunika amanqaku angalunganga kumanqaku akho etyala lentlalo, njengoko kunjalo nokwaphulwa kwemithetho yendlela, ukungaphumeleli ukuhlela inkunkuma yakho, ukukopela kwiimviwo, ukuhambahamba, kunye nokukopela kwimidlalo yevidiyo ekwi-intanethi. Ukwenza iminikelo yegazi kunye neeyure zomsebenzi zokuzithandela kunokukunika amanqaku abuyiselweyo. Uluhlu lweendlela ezinokubakho zokufumana amanqaku angalunganga lude kakhulu ukuba ungaludwelisa apha, kodwa ungajonga ngokwakho . Kuyoyikisa kakhulu. Ukugxeka abantu abancinci benkolo kuyakhuthazwa, kwaye kukho usetyenziso lokulandelela "abanetyala elibi" - abo batyala imali.
Xa ujongwa ngale prism, indlela oziphethe ngayo ebomini imisela ukuba ubhengezwe kangakanani ukuba ungumntu okanye ungenguye umntu. Qwalasela ukuba ukusukela ngoJuni ka-2019, baphantse babezizigidi ezingama-27 abemi baseTshayina abavinjwa amatikiti kaloliwe ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu ngokusekwe kumanqaku abo etyala lentlalontle, kwaye ngoJulayi ka-2019 izigidi ezi-2.56 zalelwa amatikiti okubhabha.
Ngaba le nto iza kusinceda?
Kubekho iingxoxo ezincinci malunga nale nkqubo ye-ID eyidrafti – nto leyo ngokwayo eyinkxalabo. Naluphi na utshintsho olucetywayo kumthetho kufuneka lube phantsi kwemibuzo enzima ngokwembono yeempembelelo zentlalo noqoqosho.
Nabani na obukele unyulo lwase-US - kunye nokukwazi kwabantu abangenayo i-ID yokuvota kwaye banokuthi bajike unyulo - unokuzibuza ukuba yintoni engalunganga kwinkqubo yethu ye-ID yesizwe. Abantu baseMelika baye baxhathisa ingcamango ye-ID yesizwe kangangamashumi eminyaka ngenxa yokuba oku kukunyhashwa kwamalungelo obumfihlo kunye namalungelo oMgaqo-siseko, nangona banento emalunga nale nto ngendlela yeNombolo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Ke, kunjalo, banazo iimpepha-mvume zokuqhuba zikarhulumente. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulandelela abemi base-US, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-ID yesizwe.
Kubonakala ngathi unyulo lwethu luthembeke ngakumbi, ukuba kungenxa yokuba kufuneka ube nesazisi sikazwelonke kwaye ubhalisele ukuvota.
Abemi boMzantsi Afrika bebesamkela kudala isazisi sesizwe njengenyani yobomi. Iinombolo zezazisi zaye zaziswa phantsi koMthetho woBhaliso lwabemi ka-1950 njengendlela yokugcina abantu beentlanga ngeentlanga. Into eyayiyinjongo yocalucalulo iyisebenzele kakuhle i-ANC, eyathi yasungula i-Identification Act ngo-1997. Eyona njongo yantlandlolo yocalucalulo lobuhlanga isaphila nanamhla oku, kodwa le nkqubo yesazisi intsha iza kuyikhulisa ngaphaya koko.
Yintoni engalunganga ngenkqubo yangoku?
Ke, yintoni engalunganga ngenkqubo ye-ID yangoku efuna ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo?
Kwaye luhlobo luni lohlengahlengiso olucingwe liSebe leMicimbi yezeKhaya (DHA), iqumrhu likarhulumente elijongene nolawulo lwe-ID?
Ukufumana oku, siya "kuHlalutyo lweNgxaki" kuxwebhu lomgaqo-nkqubo oyilwayo. UMthetho wokuChonga ngoku ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, ufuna ukwenziwa ngokwale mihla, uya kunceda ukunikezela ngeenkonzo kurhulumente we-intanethi kunye ne-e-commerce kwabo basweleyo, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo ezihamba kunye nesindululo esifana nesi.
I-Identification Act ka-1997 yamiselwa ngeenjongo zokugcina irejista yabemi kunye nokwenza urhulumente akwazi ukukhupha amakhadi esazisi. ICandelo lesi-7 loMthetho libophelela uMlawuli-Jikelele ukuba akhuphe iinombolo zesazisi ngendlela echaza umhla wokuzalwa, isini kunye nokuba ngaba ngummi womhlali.
Inkqubo ye-ID yangoku kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo. Isazisi sesizwe esikhoyo sinekhowudi enamanani ali-13 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: YYMMDDSSSSCAZ.
Amadijithi amathandathu okuqala amele umhla wokuzalwa, kwaye amadijithi amane alandelayo (SSSS) asekelwe kwisini. Inombolo elandelayo “C” ibonisa ukuba ungummi waseMzantsi Afrika – 0 ungummi, 1 ungummi osisigxina.
Idijithi yokugqibela (Z) yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-“checksum” olulutsheki lwamanani ukuba ulandelelwano lwamanani luchanekile.
Nantsi indlela eya kutshintsha ngayo phantsi kwenkqubo entsha ecetywayo
Iinombolo zesazisi ziya kusekelwa kubazali : inombolo yesazisi yomntwana kufuneka icutshungulwe ngokusekelwe kulwazi lobomi bakhe kwaye idityaniswe neenombolo zesazisi zabazali bakhe kunye nedatha yebhayomethrikhi kamama.
Ukuqatshelwa kwezinye iindidi zesini/zesini – Umthetho omtsha kunye nerejista yabemi kufuneka zenze ilungiselelo elivumela ukusekwa kodidi olungengolwamadoda okanye olwabasetyhini.
Inombolo yobunikazi eyahlukileyo engacwangciswanga – Enye indlela kukukhupha inombolo yobunikazi eyahlukileyo engacwangciswanga okanye engasekelwanga kwisini/isini somntu, umhla wokuzalwa, indawo yokuzalwa okanye naluphi na olunye uphawu.
Iirekhodi zabantu ebomini babo bonke – Yonke into yokuzalwa eyenzeka kweli lizwe kufuneka ibhaliswe. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, i-biometrics yabantwana kufuneka ibhalwe xa bezalwa. Apho kungenakwenzeka khona, i-biometrics yomzali kufuneka idibaniswe nesatifikethi sokuzalwa somntwana.
Ukubhalisa kwakhona – Abantwana kufuneka babhaliswe kwakhona xa befikelela kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala ngeminwe eli-10 kunye neefoto ze-iris kunye nobuso. Ukudibanisa idatha eyahlukeneyo yebhayometri yabantwana kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngeendlela ezifana nefoto yendlebe.
Ukuthathwa kunye nokulawulwa kwale datha kuya kuwela phantsi kweNkqubo yeSizwe yeZazisi, okanye i-NIS, eya kudibanisa kunye noovimba bedatha karhulumente nabangekho phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, njengeebhanki kunye nabathengisi. Kwicala likarhulumente, idatha yezempilo kunye nezemfundo iya kusondeza umfanekiso opheleleyo wommi.
Akunzima ukubona indlela iChina yokufaka amanqaku ngetyala kodwa kukutsiba, ukutsiba nokutsiba kuMzantsi Afrika. Kwakhona kudityaniswe nedatha ye-NIS ngumba weencwadana zokundwendwela, imfuduko kunye nedatha yeembacu. Njengoko abanye betshilo, iphantse yangathi urhulumente waseTshayina usibhalele uxwebhu lomgaqo-nkqubo.
Urhulumente uceba ukuqokelela yonke idatha anayo kuwe nakubantwana bakho abangekazalwa. Okucacileyo kolu xwebhu kukuba urhulumente uceba ukwenza imali (ukuthengisa) olu lwazi. Oku kufanele kusikhathaze ngamacandelo aliqela: iiarhente zokhuseleko zikarhulumente ziye zabandakanyeka ekujongeni ngaphandle kwenkundla abemi baseMzantsi Afrika, ngelixa imibutho yomthetho ibonakala inengcaciso ebanzi kakhulu yamandla ayo phantsi koMthetho weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho okuqokelela iirekhodi zababhalisileyo beefowuni (ekubeni befumene iirekhodi ezingama-70,000 ezinjalo, ngokutsho kweLungelo lokuQonda).
Ingaba imfihlo ingena phi kule nto?
ICandelo le-14 le-Constitutes liqinisekisa ilungelo lokuba neemfihlo, elibandakanya ilungelo lokuba umntu okanye ikhaya lakho lingagqogqwa; impahla yakho yagqogqwa; izinto ezithinjiweyo; okanye imfihlo zonxibelelwano zophulwe.
Nangona uxwebhu lwesazisi oluyilwayo lukhankanya kaninzi ubumfihlo, uninzi lwazo lunxulumene nobumfihlo bedatha - kodwa noko kufuneka kuthathwe ngokungaqinisekanga, njengoko sibone ukwaphulwa okukhulu kokhuseleko lwedatha (kunye nobumfihlo) ezandleni zeenkampani ezifana ne -Experian . Kunokubakho izohlwayo eziqatha zokuphathwa gwenxa kwedatha yabucala phantsi koMthetho woKhuseleko loLwazi loBuqu (i-POPI), kodwa oko akuqinisekisi ukuba kukho nantoni na ebekwe phantsi kolawulo olutsha, nolukhulu, lukarhulumente.
Konke oku kuthengiselwa thina njengendlela yokufikelela amalungelo kumaqela angengowabantu ngokwesini, nokukhawulezisa inguqu neenkonzo zikarhulumente kwabo basweleyo. Iphawula zonke iibhokisi ezifanelekileyo. Kodwa kungcono siyazi into esisayina kuyo.
Khawutsho
Veza uluvo lwakho ngale ngxelo yamapolisa apha.